The+End

The End

user:emkay13 user:larissathornburg**
 * user:danajane
 * This assignment covers: Nuremburg Trials, reconstruction, Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan.**

**Summary:** user:larissathornburg
 * After World War II Europe had much destruction and was in great poverty. To regain composure of the countries who were affected by World War II there were many plans of aid that were established and offered. Some of the plans that were present was The Morgenthau Plan, The Marshall Plan, and The Truman Doctrine. The Morgenthau Plan established a system to take away all Nazi Regime and to take away most power they recieved from before and after the war. The Nuremburg Trials were what put The Nazis at fault for the war accusing them of wrong doing and murder. The Marshall Plan provided economical and military support to Europe to rebuild their country. The Marshall Plan was the most successfull reconstruction plan that was established. The Truman Doctrine provided help to Greece and Turkey so they wouldn't be caught in the wrongful hands of the communists and Soviet Union. The Truman Doctrine set a path way for The Marshall Plan and that was a part of it being so successfull. Without the help of The United States, Europe wouldn't have gotten the right aid to make it as successfull as it is today.**

Reconstruction after World War II user:emkay13 **Europe was left in ruins after WWII was over. All of the borders were changed, people were left without any living relatives, and most of the homes were distroyed. The leaders of the Allied powers began to plan the reconstruction of Europe. These leaders including Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin decided that the first step would be to get rid of Fascism entirely but this was not as easy as it sounds. In doing so they would need take down Germany and punish the people who were responsible**.

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Reconstruction of Germany- user:emkay13

 Hoover Aids the Reconstruction- ** user:emkay13 ** In 1945-1946 Hoover, age 71, worked to reestablish Europe and Asia after an enormous famine. He traveled all over the countries trying to fix the problems with distributing food. He also tried to get Germany and Austria off of the American financial aid. He tried to help the countries to be more independent so that they were eventually able to support themselves. When Hoover returned to the United States he was asked to be Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch. In this job he was asked to cleanse federal governments and loosen the controls these governments had on private buisness owners. **  **user:larissathornburg** media type="custom" key="5716353" **// “The remedy lies in breaking the vicious circle and restoring the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole. The manufacturer and the farmer throughout wide areas must be able and willing to exchange their products for currencies the continuing value of which is not open to question.”-George Marshall speaking at Harvard University on June 5, 1947 //**
 * **//Denazifacation-(v.)- the process of removing all German symbols, culture, and politics from Nazi territory//** .
 * The Morgenthau plan said that Germany needed to have their industrial resources required for the war taken away. Their main sources of coal and iron were put under French rule. Although this plan was never fully put in to effect th​e Allied Control Council started the denazifacation process in Germany in 1946. This process singled out specific groups of people who were major nazi supporters.
 * The Marshall Plan: **


 * After World War II Europe was in a horrible state due to the way the war had torn through the country and destructed much of it's major cities. The destruction was horrifying and Europe was in terrible poverty. The Marshall Plan or European Recovery Program was the primary program of The United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger economic foundation for the Western European countries after World War II. This program was also offered to the USSR and their allies but they turned it down because Stalin thought that The United States would take away it's Soviet ways. The man who initiated this plan was the secretary of state, George Marshall. The plan was officially established in 1948 when President Truman passed the proposal administrating the Economic Cooperation Administration to take on the project. In the four years of the program The United States had put down 13 billion dollars to provide economic and technical assistances to Europe. The Marshall Plan erased trade barriers and set up institutues to coordinate the economy on a continental level this would help them continue to bring money into the nation keeping the economy up. The funding ended by 1952 and it is said that the Marshall Plan was a great success!

** **//​ "Whatever the weather we must move together" //**

The Truman Doctrine: user:larissathornburg **The Truman Doctrine established military and economic aid to Greek governments, who were threatened by the communists and Turkey, who were threatened by the power of The Soviet Union. Many people thought this aid was unnecessary and at first it was narrowly applied but in the end The United States aided them with $400,000,000. This aided them by not allowing them to fall into unfriendly hands. This showed The United States how much they could do for a country and The Marshall Plan was an aftermath of The Truman Doctrine.** **Still to this day, Greece and Turkey are democratic countries instead of communist because of the aid The United States provided.**



It all started in August of 1944. Henry Morgethau, Treasury Secretary, told President Roosevelt of his plan for the Nazi leaders’ post war treatment. Of the punishment options, he proposed to shoot the leaders upon capture, rebuilding Europe using German prisoner of war, and recreating Germany to be an agricultural society and ridding it of industry. There was also question of how to treat this serious situation. Colonel Murray Bernays suggested “treating the Nazi Regine as a criminal plot.” (cited from //__The Nuremberg Trials: Chronology__//) William Chandler suggested “making the waging of a war of aggression a crime.” (also cited from //__The Nuremberg Trials: Chronology__//)
 * __Nuremberg Trials __**


 * On April 30, 1945, Adolph Hitler committed suicide below Berlin’s sewer system in his bunker.*

May 23, 1940, British tanks roll into Flesburg, Germany taking several Nazi’s to be tried in the Major War Figures Trial. Among these Nazi’s was Heinrich Himmler, the most terrifying and powerful Nazi leader after Hitler. He also commits suicide.

A few years later, on November 20, 1945, the trial of major war criminals began at 10 o’clock in Nuremberg, Germany.

Individual case prosecutions begin on January 8, 1946.

Throughout March 13, 1946-June 21, 1946, 15 Major War Criminals testify. Starting off the sequence is Goering, ending with Albert Speer.

Final verdict is agreed upon in October 1, 1946. On this same day, 11 out of 21 defendants are sentenced to death. On October 15 Goering swallows a smuggled cyanide pill, committing suicide. The next day, ten of the war criminals were hung in Nuremberg.  There were many more people killed for even helping the Nazi’s in the slightest way. 23 Nazi physicians were tried. 14 members of the German mobile killing units receive the death penalty. 16 Nazi doctors are found guilty, 7 are put to death. 19 other defendants are found guilty-being accused of crimes against humanity and other war crimes-and put to death.​ **user:danajane**

media type="custom" key="5773123" **__ Quotes from the Nuremberg Trials __** *All quotes cited from //**__Quotes from the Nuremberg Trials__**// website* ""So much toilet paper." - Goering's reference to pre-war diplomatic treaties. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 118.8%;">"A victor's justice" - Goering's view of the proceedings "So grotesque and preposterous are the principle characters in this galaxy of clowns and crooks that none but a thrice double ass could have taken them for rulers." Officer in the Allied Control Commission. "Why don't you just shoot us?" Unknown Nazi war criminal "Stand up Funk! Be a man, Funk." Interrogation of Walther Funk, Nazi economist by Colonel Andrus. "It was the virtue of the Nuremberg trial that it was conceived in hatred of war, and nutured by those straved of peace. Of course, the trial was botched and imperfect...it had to deal with new crimes for whixh there was no provision in national law or international law." Rebecca West. "Death, death. Now I won't be able to write my beautiful memoirs." Ribbentrop "Death by hanging. That, I thought, I would be spared." Keitel <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">"I die innocent. The verdict is wrong." Sauckel" <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 86.4%;">**user:danajane**

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“Aftermath of World War II." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II>. "Truman Thanks Herbert Hoover for Aiding Post-WWII Reconstruction History.com This Day in History 3/11/1947." //The History Channel Home Page//. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. [].

"Marshall Plan." //Spartacus Educational - Home Page//. Web. 30 Mar. 2010. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmarshallP.htm>.

"Marshall Plan -." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. [].

"Atlantic Evolution: The Missing Links II." //Home | Alicia Patterson Foundation//. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. [].

"Poor William's Almanack, April 3, 2005, Psychological Warfare." //Poor William Almanack & Journal//. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. [].


 * Trueman, Chris. "Quotes from the Nuremberg Trials". Ask.com. 3/30/10 <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/2125.htm>.

Linder, Douglas. "//The Nuremberg Trials: Chronology//". UMKC Education. 3/30/10 http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/nuremberg/NurembergLinks.html>.